Since the 16th century, Spanish queens usually came from Italy or France, and in some rare cases, from Germanic states. Britain, being a leading Protestant nation, gave Spain only one consort when Philip II became a widower for the first time (out of four) in 1545. Until the 20th century, that is. During the reign of Edward VII, King Alfonso XIII of Spain visited the British monarch in order to better Anglo-Spanish relations, but also to seek for a wife. Alfonso’s previous trips to his mother’s native Austria and tours around European courts had proved unsuccessful, but all hoped a love match would bud between Alfonso and one of the King’s nieces. Surely enough, Alfonso XIII met and fell in love with the beautiful Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg, the King Edward’’s youngest niece. She, blonde and pale, was a very different beauty from those Alfonso had met (and would meet) in his homeland.
It was a love match, and for a moment there seemed to be no problems whatsoever. There were certain points, however, that had to be met. First of all, Victoria Eugenia was Protestant, and would thus have to convert to her future husband’s Catholicism if she wished to become Queen of Spain. Secondly, there were rumours that she may be a carrier of haemophilia, a malady which had already killed several members of her family. However, medical findings of the day were unable to prove whether Victoria Eugenia was a carrier, and thus things went on smoothly for a time.
The wedding finally took place in Madrid in May 1906. After being dully welcomed in the Catholic faith, Victoria Eugenia was free to marry the King; her uncle gave her his blessing (and the style of Royal Highness thrown in too). It was a momentous occasion for the Spanish monarchy, for many crowned heads of Europe attended the wedding ceremony. However, what was meant to be a happy day ended up being somewhat tragic, for an anarchist bomb killed several members of the Royal cortège. Luckily, neither the newlyweds nor any of their relatives were harmed, but several people cheering amidst the crowds and a few horses were killed. A monument was erected in the memory of the victims on the spot.
The marriage was off to a bad start. Victoria Eugenia never quite fitted in the Spanish court, though she was content enough, and was generally well accepted by her new in-laws. It has been speculated that there wasa strained relationship between her and her mother-in-law, the Dowager Queen Maria Christina, but all information seems to point to a natural, happy bond between them.
Victoria Eugenia gave birth in 1907 to her first-born son, who was called Alfonso, and who was as white and blonde as his mother. However, not only did he inherit the Queen’s looks, but he was also a haemophiliac. It was a death sentence. At the time, lack of blood transfusions and medical knowledge of the illness made haemophiliac babies rely principaly on luck and care so as to not bump themselves on any surface or fall down and provoke intense bleeding. The news soon broke out and soon malicious rumours circulated around Madrid, with the intention of villifying the Queen: some people said that trees in the Royal park had to be padded; others went as far as to assert that every day a baby was killed in order to give its blood to the Royal Prince. King Alfonso was devastated by these attacks on his seemingly innocent wife, but never forgave her for transmitting into his family such an abominable and terrible illness. Thei marriage would never be the same again, and soon they started to drift.
Baby Alfonso’s birth was followed by that of another baby, Jaime, who was born healthy, but at an early age had to undergo an inner-ear operation which left him permanently deaf and nearly-dumb. Yet another sick child!
Two girls, and a dead boy, followed the princes, but in 1913 Queen Victoria Eugenia gave birth to a healthy boy destined to inherit his family’s monarchical rights: Juan, count of Barcelona. Juan’s birth was followed by the couple’s last baby, Gonzalo, who like their elder brother, was born a haemophiliac.
In 1914 Victoria Eugenia’s marriage was all but a happy one. Plus, the advent of war separated her from many relatives (she was a first cousin of the German Kaiser, but also the British King and the Russian Tsarina). Her own brother Maurice was killed in action in Belgium during the first days of the war. In 1918 yet another tragedy befell the family when her Russian cousins were slaughtered in the basement of a house in Siberia.
The 1920’s were extremely hard times for Spain. The Royal marriage was a sham, and the King had many open relationships with women both of high and low birth, which ended in several illegitimate children. Divorce was out of the question, and Victoria Eugenia sought solace in her cousin Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg, who had married the King’s cousin, Prince Alfonso of Orleans. In 1931 local elections gave a majority of votes to the Republican wing, and Alfonso XIII left Spain, while his wife took their children to exile. She would visit Spain once again, in 1968.
Victoria Eugenia and Alfonso eventually separated and never lived together again, but remained on generally good terms. She lived in Britain for a time, alongside her mother, Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom, but the outbreak of war and Spain’s links to Fascism made Victoria Eugenia move to neutral Switzerland. She lived there for the rest of her days, and had to endure the losses of her two haemophiliac sons and the divorce of her second-born son. She was permitted to come back to Spain in order to stand as godmother to her great-grandson, Felipe, today’s Crown Prince. She passed away in 1969 near Vevey, and is today buried in the Royal vault next to her husband.














